Summary And Critique Of Bush s Arguments - 1437 Words

L. Russ Bush, professor of Philosophy and Dean of students at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, presents a worldview labelled â€Å"the advancement†, a naturalistic evolutionary view that better describes the philosophical era through which we are passing (ix). The author describes the origin and consequences of naturalistic philosophy over a theistic worldview and challenges Christians to defend and protect their religious rights (4). Bush presents how advancement has been detrimental to religion throughout history and points out the flaws of naturalism, classifying it as â€Å"internally inconsistent, empirically inadequate, and lacking in satisfactory explanatory power† (94). He presents Christianity as the true worldview, which â€Å"has passion†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"a Creator—or even an indirect reference, such as a reference to teleological purpose in nature—is ipso facto a nonscientific explanation† (19). Bush accurately d escribes the ethical consequences of it and the confusion of humankind regarding their own empirical and intuitive values. â€Å"The question today is whether a person can still be thought of as human at all!† (32). In chapter three, the author points out the weaknesses in advancement worldview. The epistemological problem in advancement, which is based on biological evolution and considers the mind as a â€Å"merely biological product† (37), is the first and perhaps the foremost problem for particular this view. â€Å"If naturalism is a proper description of reality, man’s mind could not be truly free to look at biological facts objectively† (38). The author compares the traditional and modern theories of knowledge and highlights the loss of freedom and the loss of truth. Bush strongly criticizes predetermination. Chapter four describes the theistic alternatives for naturalism. Bush mainly discusses the Process theology and Open Theism. These views are clearly in disagreement with the traditional position held by Christians. Process theology, that presents God as the source of fundamental structures of reality (55), hangs on a lot of scientific arguments and looks like a â€Å"mystical science† (58) more than a theistic worldview. The author poses that Open Theism, which affirms that God is fallible, is contradictory.Show MoreRelatedU.s. Bush s Administration On Foreign Policy Over The Last Forty Years1717 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction (400 words) Hook (80) Argument (120) This essay will critically review the understanding that G. W. Bush’s administration had of ‘unilateralism’, and it will thereafter argue that this concept was seemingly useful only in the short term, while proving to be unfavourable and hindering in advancing US national interests in the long term. C. Structure (200) Firstly, the essay will look at the general definition of unilateralism and its application to US foreign policy over theRead MoreNational Security Structure Development in Steven Hook and John Spaniers Book, American Foreign Policy Since WWII807 Words   |  4 PagesA Summary and Critical Evaluation of the Key Issues In Post-World War II National Security Structure Development Steven Hook and John Spaniers 2012 book titled â€Å"American foreign policy since WWII serves as one of the most important texts that can be used in understanding the underlying complexities on American foreign policies. Like the first readings that are analyzed in class (American Diplomacy by George Kennan and Surprise, Security, and the American Experience by John Lewis Gaddis), thisRead MoreThe Nsa s National Security Agency2363 Words   |  10 PagesNSA’s metadata collection program in desperate need of reform or outright abolishment. I. THE NSA’S PURPOSE AND THE EVOLUTION OF GOVERNMENT SURVEILLANCE It is important to note what the NSA is tasked to do before discussing the constitutional arguments against its metadata program. As Abdulmajeed Alhogbani, in his work, â€Å"Going Dark: Scratching the Surface of Government Surveillance,† informs, the agency has two tasks: â€Å"1) information assurance, which prevents foreign agents from obtaining classifiedRead MoreTheories of Justice3826 Words   |  16 Pagesresulting in different types and concepts of justice. This paper will take a closer look at three justice theories based on our textbook Moral Issues in Business, by William H. Shaw and Vincent Barry. I will then use these various theories to create an argument for a topic that will later be defined. (Shaw, Barry, 2004) (Beyond Intractability, 2003) Utilitarian Justice As suggested by philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. The Utilitarian theory of justice promotes social well-being or happinessRead MoreEssay on No Child Left Behind Act3562 Words   |  15 PagesWhat I will be writing about b. Why I chose my topic c. What will be covered 2. The NCLB Act d. How it came to be e. What was proposed f. How it has been enacted 3. The NCLB Act g. Arguments in favor of h. Arguments against 4. Statistics i. How the NCLB Act has had a positive impact on education j. How the NCLB Act has had a negative impact on education 5. Proposal k. Proposals from different resources on how to changeRead MoreThe Impact Of Black Friday On American Symbols, Values And Interests6556 Words   |  27 Pagescrashed into the Pentagon, whereas the forth one, supposedly on its way to Washington D.C., crashed somewhere in Pennsylvania. However, the implications of that Black Tuesday were far more complicated than the mere reported facts. To President George W. Bush, the operations that were carried out against his country did not merely represent â€Å"acts of terror† on American symbols, values and interests, but they represented â€Å"acts of war† against the United States—and to a large extent, the attacks were â€Å"actsRead MoreMODR 17608087 Words   |  33 Pagesfacts and spin them to your advantage not in a way that accurately reflects the truth. Or to spin them reversely to oppose your opponent. To raise emotions, prejudice, and ignorance in poorer and less-educated. Lecture 3: In order to have an argument we need two related claims. One claim supports the other. The supporter claim is premise. The supported is the conclusion. The process is inference. A claim is a statement that can be true or false. - Questions are not claims. Unless they’reRead MoreEssay about How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth2583 Words   |  11 Pages(genres) so their readers will understand how to properly interpret them in the context they were written. This review will examine the principles the authors use to interpret the Bible. The review will summarize the book, followed by a critique, and a conclusion. Summary From the very beginning of the book, Fee and Stuart seek to explain the importance of proper biblical interpretation. The authors provide hermeneutical approaches for the study of the different types of genres found in the Bible.Read MoreDelta: Management and Candidates4824 Words   |  20 Pagesappendix. Where many different instruments have been used, it is important to provide a summary of these in the appendix, preferably in a chart format for readers’ ease of access. †¢ It is also important to demonstrate clearly how analysis of these instruments has been conducted. Analysis of the tools used should be detailed and clearly indicate how priorities for improvement have been arrived at. A clear summary of the analysis, possibly in chart format in the appendix, should be provided, soRead MoreThe World Is Flat8659 Words   |  35 PagesThe World Is Flat A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century by Thomas L. Friedman First published: 2005 Table of Contents †¢ Key Figures †¢ Short Summary (Synopsis) †¢ Thomas L. Friedman - Biography †¢ Genre | | | | Chapter Summaries with Notes / Analysis †¢ Chapters 1 - 4 - How the World Became Flat †¢ Chapters 5 - 9 - America and the Flat World †¢ Chapter 10 - Developing Countries and the Flat World †¢ Chapter 11 - Companies and the Flat World †¢ Chapters 12 - 14 - Geopolitics

Essence of Poetry Essay

Essence of Poetry Ever since man emerged on our planet, the beauty of nature all around him has mesmerized him. The plants, animals, mountains, lakes and rivers, and all that he sees around him during the day inspire him to start singing a song. At night, the moon and the stars and all the hosts of heaven open up a totally new vision that is absolutely breathtaking. So, at night and day, man is struck with awe at the wonder of creation made by an unseen source. His heart rejoices in this beauty and he expresses it through poetry and song. Poetry is not only a wonderful way to express one’s appreciation of nature, but also an effective way to preserve history and tradition as it is passed on from one generation to the next. Many folk tales as well as historic details have been preserved and passed on through generations by poetry. The beauty and rhythm of the poetry have made it a favorite among the young and the old. As youngsters learn these poems from their elders, the poems are faithfully passed on to the next generations. Another great use of poetry is in romance, where one partner expresses his or her love for the other. Love poems and serenades have been extremely popular among the youth who are beginning to be attracted by the opposite sex. Right from ancient literature to entire books in the Bible are devoted to love poetry where one person expresses his or her undying love towards the other. The use of poetry is, therefore, rather manifold and is very intimately tied to the hearts of mankind.

Wuthering Heights - Binary Oppisotes - 928 Words

In Emily Brontà «s only book Wuthering Heights, her descriptions of the two houses Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange create distinct atmospheres that mirror the actions of the inhabitants that reside within them. Although they lie within miles of each other, they are two very different places. Never have two more opposing places existed than Thrushcross Grange and Wuthering Heights. Wuthering Heights is a representation of uncontrollable emotions, lack of discipline and chaos. Thrushcross Grange is a peaceful, beautiful abode which epitomizes all that is good and lovely. The houses differ greatly in appearance, location and landscape, and the feelings and actions of the inhabitants within reflect the residence in which they live.†¦show more content†¦Brontà « has apposed them in every way, even the names indicate what kind of house we should expect. The beautiful and well-kept Thrushcross Grange can be viewed as a haven when compared to the chaotic Wuthering Heights . Wuthering Heights symbolizes the anger, hatred and deep-felt tension of that house while Thrushcross Grange embodies the superficial feelings and materialistic outlook of its inhabitants. The contrast between the houses is more than physical; rather these two houses represent the people which are living in them. Brontà « made Heathcliff and Wuthering Height as one, by making both of them cold, dark, and menacing, similar to the storms which constantly surround both Heathcliff and Wuthering Heights. Thrushcross Grange is parallel with the Linton’s; who are of a welcoming and peaceful manner; who have had virtually perfect lives and who have been hidden by their parents, from the evils of the outside world. It is clear, that in Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s ‘Wuthering Heights’ both Thrushcross Grange and Wuthering Heights are two very different places. While the Grange can be seen as beautiful and elegant, it can also be viewed as unnatural and materialized; and while Wuthering Heights seems unfriendly and unkempt no fair decisions can be made when it is compared with an impeccable,

The Battle Of The World War II - 1345 Words

World War II, intensified tensions between two of the strongest countries in the 1940s, the United States of America and Japan. On December 7,1941, Japanese planes and submarines attacked the American Naval base at pearl harbor, one of America’s largest bases and the largest base in the Pacific Ocean.The attack caused serious damage to the base, taking out America’s strongest battleships, killing thousands of people, and destroying hundreds of planes. America officially enters World War II. The Battle of Midway was a crucial battle in a long line of other battles fought for dominance in the Pacific Ocean. The Battle of Midway was a turning point in World War II. It was the first decisive American victory and provided a morale boost for American troops after the Pearl Harbor attack. Conflicts between the two countries went as far back as 1931, when Japan invaded Manchuria, then China in 1937, and later French Indochina in 1940. The United States and Japan first avoided e ach other in war but the United states waged an economic war against Japan. America placed oil embargos and passed the Neutrality Act, which prohibited the sale of weapons to nations at war. Under the economic pressure of the United States, Japan decides to attack America leading to the Battle of Midway. The Battle of Midway was a disastrous defeat for Japan and its navy. Prior to this defeat Japan had won most wars; Sino- Japanese war, Russo- Japanese war and as a result believed they wereShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of The World War II974 Words   |  4 PagesSecond World War, the families would experience â€Å"a constant dread of receiving a telegram announcing the injury, missing status or capture, or death of a husband, son or father. Why help to fight World War II when you know the pain that it endures on your family? In the middle of World War II in 1939, a photographer captured a commemorative picture of a soldier/father kissing his daughter goodbye before her dad leaves Britain. Not only does the photograph show the impacts that World War II had onRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II1047 Words   |  5 PagesThe first time aircrafts are seen playing major roles in World War II Germany and Japan had begun to attack the nation. Germany and Japan began their initial attacks strong with air strikes, first attacking Holland, Denver, France, and England. When the British retaliated, they had cutting-edge fighters guided by radar. The Battle for Britain was one of the first battles fought solely in the air, keeping Germany from taking control of Britain’s airways. Japan also began its attack on the U.S viaRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II995 Words   |  4 PagesAlyssa Humphrey Humphrey, 1 April 21, 2015 2nd On September 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland. Britain and France declared war on Hitler s Nazi Germany in retaliation. Humiliated and dissatisfied with their loss in World War I Germany wanted a powerful leader who could bring them to a strong victory. Invading the whole world meant there would be other countries stronger then they were. By this time, the Japanese had built a strong naval offense system known as the Combined Fleet commanded by IrorokuRead MoreThe Battle Of World War II1168 Words   |  5 Pages The Battles of World War II Normandy Invasion, D-Day In December 1943, the head of staff of the Allies picked American General Dwight D. Eisenhower as incomparable administrator for the Allies in Europe. English General, Sir Frederick Morgan, added to various arrangements for the Allies, most uncommon was Operation Overlord, a full-scale intrusion of France over the English Channel. This was the codename for the most mysterious summon in the war. The initial plan was to cross the English ChannelRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II2128 Words   |  9 PagesWorld War II, which lasted from 1939 to 1945, is considered the largest armed conflict in human history. This war was fought over six different continents, in every ocean, and ultimately resulted in fifty million military and civilian deaths; including the six million Jews who perished in the Holocaust. Within the course of the seven-year span of fighting in the war, two decisive battles changed the tide of the war in each theater: The D-Day landings and the Battle of Midway. The invasion of NormandyRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II1315 Words   |  6 PagesSam Carter L9 To What Extent was the Battle of Stalingrad a More Important Turning Point in World War II than the Battle of Britain? The Battle of Stalingrad was fought from the September 1942 through to early February 1943, and took place after the Germans had reached the fringes of Leningrad and Moscow in operation Barbarossa. Hitler’s, and the German commander of the sixth army, General von Paulus’ main aim was to take and secure the oil fields of Caucasus in Russia. The oil from here wouldRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II1156 Words   |  5 PagesWord War II was a time that caused many people to feel a lot of tension, anxiety and concern. While some wanted power, control, and wanted the notion of superiority. Others were left feeling unsafe, scared, and were worried of what the future would bring them. The uncertainly lead many to feed off the fear and the tension among people rose. No one was to be trusted. During the time of World War II the most important thing to have was power. Countries did not care how they would achieve it they simplyRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II1414 Words   |  6 Pagesthe global conflict known as World War 2 had been brutally raging on for over two years. American forces had managed to stay out of the war. However, when the Japanese bombed the naval base in Hawaii, Pearl Harbor, the Americans could no longer hold out. On December 7, 1941, the United States of America entered WWII (â€Å"Origins of the Normandy Landing†). Before the Americans entered the war, Winston Churchill and the Allies (Britain, Canada, France) were losing the war. Everything was against themRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War II1249 Words   |  5 Pageswere more than one hundred warships which included eight massive battleships. The US was suffering from the Great Depression, which made Americans think that they would stay out of World War II. As tensions grew between Japan and America, American sailors and airmen were training just in case the US were to join World War II. Americans had not realized that Japan and America were becoming enemies because the main enemy was Adolf Hitler; his goal was to conquer all the democracies of Europe. In 1940,Read MoreThe Battle Of The World War II1712 Words   |  7 Pages The Battle of Midway was one of the most important naval battles of WWII. This three day offensive between June 4th and 7th of 1942 inflicted irreparable damage on the Japanese fleet. The Japanese sought to eliminate the America as a strategic power in the Pacific, thereby giving Japan a free lane to establish a greater dominance on the Pacific hemisphere. The plan was faulty from the start due to American code breakers who were able to decipher the date and location of the attack, forewarning

How Does William Shakespeare introduce the themes of love and hate in Romeo and Juliet Free Essays

In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare shows beautifully constructed language in the Prologue and Act 1:1 to illustrate the love of the `star crossed lovers` and the hatred shared from the Capulet’s and the Montague’s, the ongoing rivalry over something feeble enough that it doesn’t even need to be explained of how it came about. Throughout the play, we see how the love collides with the hate in a way that teaches the two households how imbecilic the situation is. Not only has Shakespeare used elegant language, but he has also used a number of techniques to present the key themes. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does William Shakespeare introduce the themes of love and hate in Romeo and Juliet? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The prologue, something that is already usually written as a love poem, has been interpreted in many different ways and as I read the script, I even think of other ways it could be displayed. The Prologue is traditionally 14 lines long, each line holding roughly 10 syllables each. â€Å"Two households, both alike in dignity.† The Rhyming scheme is A, B, A, B, C, D, C, D, E, F, E, F, G, G (the last lines ending on a rhyming couplet). There are four sections in the Prologue (traditionally in a sonnet), but Shakespeare has written it in a particular way so that it can be broken down into three sections. The different sections establish different things. The first one introduces the setting of the play â€Å"In fair Verona (where we lay our scene)† This shows the Prologue as being some sort of a trailer for the play. The next section familiarizes the plot and also involves some conflict into the story: the hate of the two households mixed with the love of the two teenagers. â€Å"Doth with their death bury their parents’ strife.† This automatically throws caution to the audience and turns Romeo and Juliet from a regular play, into a love tragedy. Shakespeare allegedly wrote 37 plays and they have been broken down into three categories: Comedy, Historical and Tragedy. Tragedy is very affective because of the dramatic effects that can be produced from it. Shakespeare was masterful at involving different dramatic effects through techniques. A key contrast of tragedy and comedy is that the tragedy’s main characters are often portrayed as very heroic and selfless ones, as to add the sense of seriousness to the script, whereas with his comedy plays, this of course did not matter. One of Shakespeare’s techniques can be easily found in the Prologue and is reoccurring in Act 1:1 is the use of Oxymorons. An oxymoron is a phrase, usually two words placed next to each other in a sentence where the two words are usually contradictory. Oxymoron is an oxymoron in itself, for the oxy is Greek for sharp and moron is Greek for dull. An example of an oxymoron in the Prologue is: â€Å"The fearful passage of their death-marked love† The final section of the Prologue states that the decease of the â€Å"star-crossed lovers† that are Romeo and Juliet is the only way to end the rivalry. â€Å"Which but their children’s end nought could remove.† The final three lines of this tantalising opening to the play are talking directly to the audience: â€Å"The which if you with patient ears attend.† This enforces the idea of the Prologue being a trailer even more. The originally chorus spoken Prologue has been interpreted in many different ways. In Franco Zeffirelli’s 1968 version, the film opens with the Prologue being narrated. This is delivered calmly, as to give the fight as more of an jolt to the audience afterwards. Baz Luhrmann first presents the Prologue as a news report. This gives off a modern day equivalent of the Prologue, showing instantly how Luhrmann has decided to direct the film. After the news report, the prologue is repeated as an over voice. The voice gives off the same omniscient feel as in Franco Zeffirelli’s version as it has been placed in the hands of Friar Lawrence. This is a cleverly picked character, as it is one who has an alliance with God, and therefore appears even more Godly. The Prologue is such a crucial element to the script, as it outlines the entire play and foreshadows future events; therefore the way different productions have presented is very important. Act 1:1 starts with Samson and Gregory in `a public place`, acting jokily and being troublesome. This is apparent from when `two serving men` from the house of Montague enter. Different interpretations of the characters entrances symbolize what the directors see the characters as. In Luhrmann’s version, the Montague’s and Capulet’s are described as the â€Å"boys† giving the sense that the rivalry and arguments of the two households are pretty petty and childish. The `Montague Boys` act in a childish way themselves, which creates a great contrast to the other, deadly serious half of the scene. It also makes a huge contrast to the Capulets when they enter. Their characters are shown as unsympathetic, merciless and ruthless men. Luhrmann again represents the modern day version by setting the fight in a petrol station. Zeffirelli’s version is much more minimalist. The entire scene is set in a market, where Sampson and Gregory and striding through arrogantly. As the two households meet eyes, each character’s obnoxiousness increases. â€Å"Do you bite your thumb at us, sir?† â€Å"I do bite my thumb, sir.† This quarrel between Abram and Sampson opens the argument, unraveling the entire scene. Benvolio (a Montague), enters an argument and as Tybalt confronts, the fight commences. It is soon called to a halt, as the Prince arrives and attempts to make himself heard. Again, in this speech, Shakespeare uses something similar to an oxymoron – an antithesis. This is where the opposite words aren’t necessarily placed together. He uses this is in the first line of his speech: â€Å"Rebellious subjects, enemies to peace.† â€Å"Profaners of this neighbor-stained steel† This is referring to their swords. This measly attempt to end a fight that has developed so greatly has failed, and so he tries again. Here we find another technique of Shakespeare. â€Å"Purple fountains issuing from your veins† Here he has used `fountains` as a metaphor for blood. A fountain, where water is provided, water is a traditional symbol of the source of life, so a fountain of blood is now transformed into an image of horror. Shakespeare also describes the quarreling households as `beasts` to denote his anger and how confused he is of such beastliness of them (this emotion is greatly shared with Romeo later in the play). â€Å"Throw your mistemper’d weapons to the ground.† The weapons are â€Å"mistempered† in the sense that they are angry, that is, used by angry men. In the Prince’s speech, we encounter the first talk of past encounters of Montague and Capulet: â€Å"Have thrice disturb’d the quiet of our streets.† The â€Å"disturbance† has prevented any peace for the two households, but throughout the entire play there is not any word of how the disturbance came about to begin with. However, there are clues as to what it could be. For example, there is a running theme of religion throughout the play, with the powerful character of Father Laurence and the religious attitudes of the households, with the church being a reoccurring set; could religion be the reason for the rivalry? When the fight had been calmed by the Prince and when the air was cleared, Lady Montague asked: â€Å"O where is Romeo? Saw you him today?† Romeo, one who has not been involved in this `quarrel` in anyway, is still pining over his current love: Rosaline. As Romeo enters the scene, he is filled with love. As he talks with Benvolio, thoroughly disappointed with the fight that had just occurred, through Shakespeare, oxymorons are reintroduced. Romeo does not comprehend the ongoing rivalry, the torment and hatred and so he says: â€Å"Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health† This is poetically used to contrast the household’s violence to his love for Rosaline. As the plot moves on, the love for Rosaline is replaced by Juliet, where the love is much greater, and as the love grows, uncannily, the rivalry grows at the same scale. The theme of Romeo’s hastiness is clear as he jumps from love to love, and again clear as he rushes into marriage with Juliet. Romeo and Juliet has such a big mixture of emotions because it has three excessive themes that all join in together ruining the paths of each character. These themes are: tragedy, romance and rivalry and they keep Shakespeare’s most familiar tragedy one of the most interesting and enchanting script of all time. How to cite How Does William Shakespeare introduce the themes of love and hate in Romeo and Juliet?, Papers

The Sands of Time free essay sample

The Sands of Time Time, one of the things that people never seem to have enough of due to their crowded schedules. The truth is that we can’t truly make statements related to those situations, because the truth is that we can’t honestly say something about time because of how little we actually know about it. Time travel has been a goal for scientists for quite while and they have gotten next to nowhere, the question is, is that a good thing or a bad thing? Due to the lack of progress most would say that it is a bad thing, but the truth is that time travel deals with so many incalculable variables that even a small change in what we know as the time stream could drastically change the future. So is it better that we leave time travel untouched or not, I will try to answer this question truthfully by exposing facts about both sides of the argument and so that you can make your own opinion about time travel I will not incorporate my own opinion. We will write a custom essay sample on The Sands of Time or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page First I will tell you about the possible positive results of time travel. If humans could travel through time we could fix the errors that were made in the past, we could stop wars, help the sick from the past and try to regain some of the things that we have lost. Also by traveling through time we could go to the past and introduce technology way ahead of the era and jump technology years into the future. Another thing we could do is that we could bring back creatures and plants from the past that we caused to go extinct. Now that I have listed out some of the great possibilities of traveling through time I must list some of negative possible results. The first thing that I would like to mention is that the time stream is a very delicate thing one small change could alter the present and the future, and possibly not for the better. Also there is the fact that some events that may seem to be negative in the past might possibly save the present. Also the present is doing ok its worked out fine if we change the past we’ll be unpredictably altering the present that we have now, this is the way that it was meant to be, and we should hope that things worked out for the better. I have now explained some of the pros and cons of time traveling, and I hoped you have formed your opinion on whether it is right or wrong. Remember this is a field that a few inventors are trying to open up so what I mentioned in this article could really happen so don’t doubt everything that I have wrote.

Black Beauty Essay Research Paper The Project free essay sample

Black Beauty Essay, Research Paper **The Project Gutenberg Etext of Black Beauty, by Anna Sewell** Please take a expression at the of import information in this heading. We encourage you to maintain this file on your ain disc, maintaining an electronic way unfastened for the following readers. Do non take this. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **Etexts Clear By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *These Etexts Prepared By Hundreds of Volunteers and Donations* Information on reaching Project Gutenberg to acquire Etexts, and farther information is included below. We need your contributions. Black Beauty by Anna Sewell [ English Quaker 1820-1878. ] May, 1995 [ Etext # 271 ] entered/proofed by A. 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Money should be paid to # 8220 ; Project Gutenberg Association / Illinois Benedictine College # 8221 ; . This # 8220 ; Small Print! # 8221 ; by Charles B. Kramer, Attorney Internet ( 72600.2026 @ compuserve.com ) ; TEL: ( 212-254-5093 ) *END*THE SMALL PRINT! FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS*Ver.04.29.93*END* Black Beauty by Anna Sewell [ English Quaker 1820-1878. ] [ Note: `Black Beauty was originally published in 1877. This etext was transcribed from an American edition of 1911. Some little corrections were made, after being confirmed against other beginnings. ] Black Beauty The Autobiography of a Horse by Anna Sewell To my beloved and honored Mother, whose life, no less than her pen, has been devoted to the public assistance of others, this small book is dearly dedicated. Contentss Part I Chapter 01 My Early Home 02 The Hunt 03 My Breakage In 04 Birtwick Park 05 A Fair Start 06 Autonomy 07 Ginger 08 Ginger # 8217 ; s Story Continued 09 Merrylegs 10 A Talk in the Orchard 11 Plain Speaking 12 A Stormy Day 13 The Devil # 8217 ; s Trade Mark 14 James Howard 15 The Old Hostler 16 The Fire 17 John Manly # 8217 ; s Talk 18 Traveling for the Doctor 19 Merely Ignorance 20 Joe Green 21 The Farewell Part II 22 Earlshall 23 A Strike for Liberty 24 The Lady Anne, or a Runaway Horse 25 Reuben Smith 26 How it Ended 27 Ruined and Going Downhill 28 A Job Horse and His Drivers 29 Cockneys 30 A Thief 31 A Baloney Part III 32 A Horse Fair 33 A London Cab Horse 34 An Old War Horse 35 Jerry Barker 36 The Sunday Cab 37 The Golden Rule 38 Dolly and a Real Gentleman 39 Seedy Sam 40 Poor Ginger 41 The Butcher 42 The Election 43 A Friend in Need 44 Old Captain and His Successor 45 Jerry # 8217 ; s New Year Part IV 46 Outhouses and the Lady 47 Hard Timess 48 Farmer Thoroughgood and His Grandson Willie 49 My Last Home Black Beauty Part I 01 My Early Home The first topographic point that I can good retrieve was a big pleasant hayfield with a pool of clear H2O in it. Some fly-by-night trees leaned over it, and hastes and water-lilies grew at the deep terminal. Over the hedge on one side we looked into a ploughed field, and on the other we looked over a gate at our maestro # 8217 ; s house, which stood by the wayside ; at the top of the hayfield was a grove of fir trees, and at the underside a running creek overhung by a steep bank. While I was immature I lived upon my female parent # 8217 ; s milk, as I could non eat grass. In the daylight I ran by her side, and at dark I lay down near by her. When it was hot we used to stand by the pool in the shadiness of the trees, and when it was cold we had a nice warm shed near the grove. Equally shortly as I was old plenty to eat grass my female parent used to travel out to work in the daylight, and come back in the eventide. There were six immature colts in the hayfield besides me ; they were older than I was ; some were about every bit big as grown-up Equus caballuss. I used to run with them, and had great merriment ; we used to gallop all together unit of ammunition and round the field every bit hard as we could travel. Sometimes we had instead unsmooth drama, for they would often seize with teeth and kick every bit good as gallop. One twenty-four hours, when there was a good trade of kicking, my female parent whinnied to me to come to her, and so she said: # 8220 ; I wish you to pay attending to what I am traveling to state to you. The colts who live here are really good colts, but they are cart-horse colts, and of class they have non learned manners. You have been well-mannered and well-born ; your male parent has a great name in these parts, and your gramps won the cup two old ages at the Newmarket races ; your grandma had the sweetest pique of any Equus caballus I of all time knew, and I think you have neer seen me kick or seize with teeth. I hope you will turn up gentle and good, and neer larn bad ways ; make your work with a good will, raise your pess up good when you trot, and neer seize with teeth or kick even in play. # 8221 ; I have neer forgotten my female parent # 8217 ; s advice ; I knew she was a wise old Equus caballus, and our maestro thought a great trade of her. Her name was Duchess, but he frequently called her Pet. Our maestro was a good, sort adult male. He gave us good nutrient, good housing, and sort words ; he spoke every bit kindly to us as he did to his small kids. We were all fond of him, and my female parent loved him really much. When she saw him at the gate she would neigh with joy, and jog up to him. He would chuck and stroke her and state, # 8220 ; Well, old Pet, and how is your small Darkie? # 8221 ; I was a dull black, so he called me Darkie ; so he would give me a piece of staff of life, which was really good, and sometimes he brought a carrot for my female parent. All the Equus caballuss would come to him, but I think we were his favourites. My female parent ever took him to the town on a market twenty-four hours in a light gig. There was a ploughboy, Dick, who sometimes came into our field to tweak blackberries from the hedge. When he had eaten wholly he wanted he would hold what he called merriment with the colts, throwing rocks and sticks at them to do them gallop. We did non much head him, for we could gallop off ; but sometimes a rock would hit and ache us. One twenty-four hours he was at this game, and did non cognize that the maestro was in the following field ; but he was at that place, watching what was traveling on ; over the hedge he jumped in a catch, and catching Dick by the arm, he gave him such a box on the ear as made him howl with the hurting and surprise. Equally shortly as we saw the maestro we trotted up nearer to see what went on. # 8220 ; Bad male child! # 8221 ; he said, # 8220 ; bad male child! to trail the colts. This is non the first clip, nor the 2nd, but it shall be the last. There # 8211 ; take your money and travel place ; I shall non desire you on my farm again. # 8221 ; So we neer saw Dick any more. Old Daniel, the adult male who looked after the Equus caballuss, was merely every bit soft as our maestro, so we were good away. 02 The Hunt Before I was two old ages old a circumstance happened which I have neer forgotten. It was early in the spring ; there had been a small hoar in the dark, and a light mist still hung over the forests and hayfields. I and the other colts were feeding at the lower portion of the field when we heard, rather in the distance, what sounded like the call of Canis familiariss. The oldest of the colts raised his caput, pricked his ears, and said, # 8220 ; There are the hounds! # 8221 ; and instantly cantered off, followed by the remainder of us to the upper portion of the field, where we could look over the hedge and see several Fieldss beyond. My female parent and an old equitation Equus caballus of our maestro # 8217 ; s were besides standing near, and seemed to cognize all about it. # 8220 ; They have found a hare, # 8221 ; said my female parent, # 8220 ; and if they come this manner we shall see the hunt. # 8221 ; And shortly the Canis familiariss were all rupturing down the field of immature wheat following to ours. I neer heard such a noise as they made. They did non bark, nor ululation, nor whimper, but kept on a # 8220 ; yo! yo, O, O! yo! yo, O, O! # 8221 ; at the top of their voices. After them came a figure of work forces on horseback, some of them in green coats, wholly galloping every bit fast as they could. The old Equus caballus snorted and looked thirstily after them, and we immature colts wanted to be galloping with them, but they were shortly off into the Fieldss lower down ; here it seemed as if they had come to a base ; the Canis familiariss left off barking, and ran about every manner humor h their olfactory organs to the land. # 8220 ; They have lost the aroma, # 8221 ; said the old Equus caballus ; # 8220 ; possibly the hare will acquire off. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; What hare? # 8221 ; I said. # 8220 ; Oh! I don # 8217 ; t cognize what hare ; probably enough it may be one of our ain hares out of the forests ; any hare they can happen will make for the Canis familiariss and work forces to run after ; # 8221 ; and before long the Canis familiariss began their # 8220 ; yo! yo, O, O! # 8221 ; once more, and back they came wholly at full velocity, doing heterosexual for our hayfield at the portion where the high bank and hedge overhang the creek. # 8220 ; Now we shall see the hare, # 8221 ; said my female parent ; and merely so a hare wild with fear rushed by and made for the forests. On came the Canis familiariss ; they burst over the bank, leaped the watercourse, and came darting across the field followed by the hunters. Six or eight work forces leaped their Equus caballuss clean over, near upon the Canis familiariss. The hare tried to acquire through the fencing ; it was excessively thick, and she turned crisp unit of ammunition to do for the route, but it was excessively late ; the Canis familiariss were upon her with their wild calls ; we heard one scream, and that was the terminal of her. One of the hunters rode up and whipped off the Canis familiariss, who would shortly hold torn her to pieces. He held her up by the leg torn and hemorrhage, and all the gentlemen seemed good pleased. As for me, I was so amazed that I did non at first see what was traveling on by the creek ; but when I did look there was a sad sight ; two all right Equus caballuss were down, one was fighting in the watercourse, and the other was moaning on the grass. One of the riders was acquiring out of the H2O covered with clay, the other ballad rather still. # 8220 ; His cervix is broke, # 8221 ; said my female parent. # 8220 ; And serve him right, excessively, # 8221 ; said one of the colts. I thought the same, but my female parent did non fall in with us. # 8220 ; Well, no, # 8221 ; she said, # 8220 ; you must non state that ; but though I am an old Equus caballus, and have seen and heard a great trade, I neer yet could do out why work forces are so fond of this athletics ; they frequently hurt themselves, frequently spoil good Equus caballuss, and rupture up the Fieldss, and all for a hare or a fox, or a hart, that they could acquire more easy some other manner ; but we are lone Equus caballuss, and wear # 8217 ; t know. # 8221 ; While my female parent was stating this we stood and looked on. Many of the riders had gone to the immature adult male ; but my maestro, who had been watching what was traveling on, was the first to raise him. His caput fell back and his weaponries hung down, and every one looked really serious. There was no noise now ; even the Canis familiariss were quiet, and seemed to cognize that something was incorrect. They carried him to our maestro # 8217 ; s house. I heard subsequently that it was immature George Gordon, the squire # 8217 ; s merely boy, a all right, tall immature adult male, and the pride of his household. There was now siting off in all waies to the physician # 8217 ; s, to the farrier # 8217 ; s, and no uncertainty to Squire Gordon # 8217 ; s, to allow him cognize about his boy. When Mr. Bond, the horseshoer, came to look at the black Equus caballus that lay moaning on the grass, he felt him all over, and shook his caput ; one of his legs was broken. Then some one ran to our maestro # 8217 ; s house and came back with a gun ; soon there was a loud knock and a awful scream, and so all was still ; the black Equus caballus moved no more. My female parent seemed much troubled ; she said she had known that Equus caballus for old ages, and that his name was # 8220 ; Rob Roy # 8221 ; ; he was a good Equus caballus, and at that place was no frailty in him. She neer would travel to that portion of the field subsequently. Not many yearss after we heard the church-bell tolling for a long clip, and looking over the gate we saw a long, unusual black manager that was covered with black fabric and was drawn by black Equus caballuss ; after that came another and another and another, and all were black, while the bell kept tolling, tolling. They were transporting immature Gordon to the Gods acre to bury him. He would neer sit once more. What they did with Rob Roy I neer knew ; but # 8217 ; twas all for one small hare. 03 My Breakage In I was now get downing to turn handsome ; my coat had grown all right and soft, and was bright black. I had one white pes and a pretty white star on my brow. I was thought really fine-looking ; my maestro would non sell me boulder clay I was four old ages old ; he said chaps ought non to work like work forces, and colts ought non to work like Equus caballuss till they were rather grown up. When I was four old ages old Squire Gordon came to look at me. He examined my eyes, my oral cavity, and my legs ; he felt them all down ; and so I had to walk and jog and gallop before him. He seemed to like me, and said, # 8220 ; When he has been good broken in he will make really well. # 8221 ; My maestro said he would interrupt me in himself, as he should non wish me to be frightened or hurt, and he lost no clip about it, for the following twenty-four hours he began. Every one may non cognize what interrupting in is, hence I will depict it. It means to learn a Equus caballus to have on a saddle and bridle, and to transport on his back a adult male, adult female or kid ; to travel merely the manner they wish, and to travel softly. Besides this he has to larn to have on a neckband, a crupper, and a breeching, and to stand still while they are put on ; so to hold a cart or a daybed fixed behind, so that he can non walk or jog without dragging it after him ; and he must travel fast or decelerate, merely as his driver wants. He must neer get down at what he sees, nor speak to other Equus caballuss, nor bite, nor boot, nor have any will of his ain ; but ever make his maestro # 8217 ; s will, even though he may be really tired or hungry ; but the worst of all is, when his harness is one time on, he may neither leap for joy nor lie down for fatigue. So you see this breakage in is a great thing. I had of class long been used to a hackamore and a headpiece, and to be led about in the Fieldss and lanes softly, but now I was to hold a spot and bridle ; my maestro gave me some oats as usual, and after a good trade of wheedling he got the spot into my oral cavity, and the bridle fixed, but it was a awful thing! Those who have neer had a spot in their oral cavities can non believe how bad it feels ; a great piece of cold difficult steel every bit thick as a adult male # 8217 ; s finger to be pushed into one # 8217 ; s oral cavity, between one # 8217 ; s dentitions, and over one # 8217 ; s lingua, with the terminals coming out at the corner of your oral cavity, and held fast at that place by straps over your caput, under your pharynx, round your olfactory organ, and under your mentum ; so that no manner in the universe can you acquire rid of the awful difficult thing ; it is really bad! yes, really bad! at least I thought so ; but I knew my female parent ever wore one when she went out, and all Equus caballuss did when they were grown up ; and so, what with the nice oats, and what with my maestro # 8217 ; s raps, sort words, and soft ways, I got to have on my spot and bridle. Following came the saddle, but that was non half so bad ; my maestro put it on my back really gently, while old Daniel held my caput ; he so made the girths fast under my organic structure, chucking and speaking to me all the clip ; so I had a few oats, so a small taking about ; and this he did every twenty-four hours till I began to look for the oats and the saddle. At length, one forenoon, my maestro got on my dorsum and rode me round the hayfield on the soft grass. It surely did experience fagot ; but I must state I felt instead proud to transport my maestro, and as he continued to sit me a small every twenty-four hours I shortly became accustomed to it. The following unpleasant concern was seting on the Fe places ; that excessively was really hard at first. My maestro went with me to the Smith # 8217 ; s forge, to see that I was non hurt or got any fear. The blacksmith took my pess in his manus, one after the other, and cut off some of the hoof. It did non trouble me, so I stood still on three legs till he had done them all. Then he took a piece of Fe the form of my pes, and clapped it on, and drove some nails through the shoe rather into my hoof, so that the shoe was steadfastly on. My pess felt really stiff and heavy, but in clip I got used to it. And now holding got so far, my maestro went on to interrupt me to tackle ; there were more new things to have on. First, a stiff heavy neckband merely on my cervix, and a bridle with great side-pieces against my eyes called flashers, and flashers so they were, for I could non see on either side, but merely directly in forepart of me ; following, there was a little saddle with a awful stiff strap that went right under my tail ; that was the crupper. I hated the crupper ; to hold my long tail doubled up and poked through that strap was about every bit bad as the spot. I neer felt more like kicking, but of class I could non kick such a good maestro, and so in clip I got used to everything, and could make my work every bit good as my female parent. I must non bury to advert one portion of my preparation, which I have ever considered a really great advantage. My maestro sent me for a two weeks to a adjacent husbandman # 8217 ; s, who had a hayfield which was skirted on one side by the railroad. Here were some sheep and cattles, and I was turned in among them. I shall neer bury the first train that ran by. I was feeding softly near the pickets which separated the hayfield from the railroad, when I heard a unusual sound at a distance, and before I knew whence it came # 8211 ; with a haste and a clatter, and a whiffing out of fume # 8211 ; a long black train of something flew by, and was gone about before I could pull my breath. I turned and galloped to the farther side of the hayfield every bit fast as I could travel, and at that place I stood snorting with amazement and fright. In the class of the twenty-four hours many other trains went by, some more easy ; these drew up at the station near by, and sometimes made an atrocious scream and moan before they stopped. I thought it really awful, but the cattles went on eating really softly, and barely raised their caputs as the black atrocious thing came whiffing and crunching yesteryear. For the first few yearss I could non feed in peace ; but as I found that this awful animal neer came into the field, or did me any injury, I began to ignore it, and really shortly I cared as small about the passing of a train as the cattles and sheep did. Since so I have seen many Equus caballuss much alarmed and edgy at the sight or sound of a steam engine ; but thanks to my good maestro # 8217 ; s attention, I am as fearless at railroad Stationss as in my ain stable. Now if any one wants to interrupt in a immature Equus caballus good, that is the manner. My maestro frequently drove me in dual harness with my female parent, because she was steady and could learn me how to travel better than a unusual Equus caballus. She told me the better I behaved the better I should be treated, and that it was wisest ever to make my best to delight my maestro ; # 8220 ; but, # 8221 ; said she, # 8220 ; there are a great many sorts of work forces ; there are good thoughtful work forces like our maestro, that any Equus caballus may be proud to function ; and there are bad, barbarous work forces, who neer ought to hold a Equus caballus or Canis familiaris to name their ain. Besides, there are a great many foolish work forces, vain, ignorant, and careless, who neer problem themselves to believe ; these spoil more Equus caballuss than all, merely for privation of sense ; they don # 8217 ; t intend it, but they do it for all that. I hope you will fall into good custodies ; but a Equus caballus neer knows who may purchase him, or who may drive him ; it is all a opportunity for us ; but still I say, do your best wherever it is, and maintain up your good name. # 8221 ; 04 Birtwick Park At this clip I used to stand in the stable and my coat was brushed every twenty-four hours till it shone like a castle # 8217 ; s wing. It was early in May, when there came a adult male from Squire Gordon # 8217 ; s, who took me off to the hall. My maestro said, # 8220 ; Good-by, Darkie ; be a good Equus caballus, and ever make your best. # 8221 ; I could non state # 8220 ; good-by # 8221 ; , so I put my olfactory organ into his manus ; he patted me kindly, and I left my first place. As I lived some old ages with Squire Gordon, I may every bit good tell something about the topographic point. Squire Gordon # 8217 ; s park skirted the small town of Birtwick. It was entered by a big Fe gate, at which stood the first Lodge, and so you trotted along on a smooth route between bunchs of big old trees ; so another Lodge and another gate, which brought you to the house and the gardens. Beyond this ballad the place paddock, the old grove, and the stallss. There was adjustment for many Equus caballuss and passenger cars ; but I need merely depict the stable into which I was taken ; this was really spacious, with four good stables ; a big vacillation window opened into the pace, which made it pleasant and airy. The first stall was a big square one, shut in buttocks with a wooden gate ; the others were common stables, good stables, but non about so big ; it had a low rack for hay and a low trough for maize ; it was called a loose box, because the Equus caballus that was put into it was non tied up, but left free, to make as he liked. It is a great thing to hold a loose box. Into this all right box the groom put me ; it was clean, sweet, and airy. I neer was in a better box than that, and the sides were non so high but that I could see all that went on through the Fe tracks that were at the top. He gave me some really nice oats, he patted me, spoke kindly, and so went off. When I had eaten my maize I looked unit of ammunition. In the stall following to mine stood a small fat grey pony, with a thick mane and tail, a really pretty caput, and a irreverent small olfactory organ. I put my caput up to the Fe rails at the top of my box, and said, # 8220 ; How make you make? What is your name? # 8221 ; He turned round every bit far as his hackamore would let, held up his caput, and said, # 8220 ; My name is Merrylegs. I am really fine-looking ; I carry the immature ladies on my dorsum, and sometimes I take our kept woman out in the low chair. They think a great trade of me, and so does James. Are you traveling to populate following door to me in the box? # 8221 ; I said, # 8220 ; Yes. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Well, so, # 8221 ; he said, # 8220 ; I hope you are equable ; I do non like any one following door who bites. # 8221 ; Merely so a Equus caballus # 8217 ; s caput looked over from the stall beyond ; the ears were laid back, and the oculus looked instead crabbed. This was a tall chestnut female horse, with a long handsome cervix. She looked across to me and said: # 8220 ; So it is you who have turned me out of my box ; it is a really unusual thing for a colt like you to come and turn a lady out of her ain home. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; I beg your forgiveness, # 8221 ; I said, # 8220 ; I have turned no 1 out ; the adult male who brought me set me here, and I had nil to make with it ; and as to my being a colt, I am turned four old ages old and am a grown-up Equus caballus. I neer had words yet with Equus caballus or female horse, and it is my wish to populate at peace. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Well, # 8221 ; she said, # 8220 ; we shall see. Of class, I do non desire to hold words with a immature thing like you. # 8221 ; I said no more. In the afternoon, when she went out, Merrylegs told me all about it. # 8220 ; The thing is this, # 8221 ; said Merrylegs. # 8220 ; Ginger has a bad wont of biting and snapping ; that is why they call her Ginger, and when she was in the loose box she used to snarl really much. One twenty-four hours she bit James in the arm and made it shed blood, and so Miss Flora and Miss Jessie, who are really fond of me, were afraid to come into the stable. They used to convey me nice things to eat, an apple or a carrot, or a piece of staff of life, but after Ginger stood in that box they dared non come, and I missed them really much. I hope they will now come once more, if you do non seize with teeth or snap. # 8221 ; I told him I neer bit anything but grass, hay, and maize, and could non believe what pleasance Ginger found it. # 8220 ; Well, I don # 8217 ; t believe she does happen pleasance, # 8221 ; says Merrylegs ; # 8220 ; it is merely a bad wont ; she says no 1 was of all time sort to her, and why should she non seize with teeth? Of class, it is a really bad wont ; but I am certainly, if all she says be true, she must hold been really exploited before she came here. John does all he can to delight her, and James does all he can, and our maestro neer uses a whip if a Equus caballus acts right ; so I think she might be equable here. You see, # 8221 ; he said, with a wise expression, # 8220 ; I am twelve old ages old ; I know a great trade, and I can state you there is non a better topographic point for a Equus caballus all round the state than this. John is the best groom that of all time was ; he has been here 14 old ages ; and you neer saw such a sort male child as James is ; so that it is wholly Ginger # 8217 ; s ain mistake that she did non remain in that box. # 8221 ; 05 A Fair Start The name of the coachman was John Manly ; he had a married woman and one small kid, and they lived in the coachman # 8217 ; s bungalow, really near the stallss. The following forenoon he took me into the pace and gave me a good training, and merely as I was traveling into my box, with my coat soft and bright, the squire came in to look at me, and seemed pleased. # 8220 ; John, # 8221 ; he said, # 8220 ; I meant to hold tried the new Equus caballus this forenoon, but I have other concern. You may every bit good take him about after breakfast ; travel by the common and the Highwood, and back by the watermill and the river ; that will demo his paces. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; I will, sir, # 8221 ; said John. After breakfast he came and fitted me with a bridle. He was really peculiar in allowing out and taking in the straps, to suit my caput comfortably ; so he brought a saddle, but it was non wide plenty for my dorsum ; he saw it in a minute and went for another, which fitted nicely. He rode me first easy, so a jog, so a lope, and when we were on the common he gave me a light touch with his whip, and we had a glorious gallop. # 8220 ; Ho, Ho! my male child, # 8221 ; he said, as he pulled me up, # 8220 ; you would wish to follow the hounds, I think. # 8221 ; As we came back through the park we met the Squire and Mrs. Gordon walking ; they stopped, and John jumped off. # 8220 ; Well, John, how does he travel? # 8221 ; # 8220 ; First-rate, sir, # 8221 ; answered John ; # 8220 ; he is every bit swift as a cervid, and has a all right spirit excessively ; but the lightest touch of the rein will steer him. Down at the terminal of the common we met one of those going carts hung all over with baskets, carpets, and such like ; you know, sir, many Equus caballuss will non go through those carts softly ; he merely took a good expression at it, and so went on as quiet and pleasant as could be. They were hiting coneies near the Highwood, and a gun went off stopping point by ; he pulled up a small and looked, but did non stir a measure to compensate or go forth. I merely held the rein steady and did non travel rapidly him, and it # 8217 ; s my sentiment he has non been frightened or exploited while he was young. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; That # 8217 ; s good, # 8221 ; said the squire, # 8220 ; I will seek him myself to-morrow. # 8221 ; The following twenty-four hours I was brought up for my maestro. I remembered my female parent # 8217 ; s coun